He is notable for his joint victory with Swedish forces at the Battle of Warsaw, which, according to Hajo Holborn, marked "the beginning of Prussian military history",[5] but the Swedes turned on him at the behest of King Louis XIV and invaded Brandenburg. For the full article, see, https://www.britannica.com/summary/Frederick-William-elector-of-Brandenburg. Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm; 16 February 1620 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. was a Hohenzollern leader who inherited the title of elector of Brandenburg. Famous quotes containing the words dutch and/or wars: Paradise endangered: garden snakes and mice are appearing in the shadowy corners of Dutch Old Master paintings. **a**. Shipping company Norddeutscher Lloyd (aka North German Lloyd) also built a cargo and passenger liner for North Atlantic service with the same name that was later taken into US Navy service. Out of these unpromising beginnings Frederick William managed to rebuild his war-ravaged territories. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. Although Emperor Leopold continued to deny him any assistance, Denmark joined the elector in an alliance that would soon take the war into Sweden itself. Nevertheless, the overall results were satisfactory, and on June 5 the Brandenburgers set off to meet the Swedish threat. In 1668 he introduced the Prussian General Staff; it became the model in controlling an army for other European powers. Between 17,000 and 30,000 enslaved Africans were transported by the BAC to the Americas before the colony was sold to the Dutch in 1721.[9]. {n-1y. He also simplified travel in Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia by connecting riverways with canals, a system that was expanded by later Prussian architects, such as Georg Steenke; the system is still in use today. 18 Jan 2023 13:33:56 (Shorter Notices). ", Richardson, Oliver H. "Religious Toleration under the Great Elector and Its Material Results. Or maybe you love the outdoors and wanted to experience hiking, biking, camping, golfing, Frederick William I fight for power brought him into considerable conflict with them In his early years, he even threatened to destroy them, but the Prussian nobility was not destroyed. In the complex power struggles in Europe starting in 1661, he shifted allegiance by always joining with the weaker party, hoping to maintain the balance of power. He created a strong army and the best standing army in Europe. The charter he granted to the BAC stipulated that they could establish a colony in West Africa, which was subsequently named the Brandenburger Gold Coast. Following a brief Tartar invasion of his easternmost territory of Prussia, the elector was able to raise the money for a standing peacetime army. A developing threat to his back door by Sweden did nothing to diminish Frederick Williams enthusiasm for war. Challenge Religion Self Reliance Upon hearing the news of Fehrbellin, the people of Berlin immediately began referring to their ruler as the Great Elector, making it clear that they expected Frederick William to continue accomplishing great things. The timing for the war was ideal. With his Austrian allies now almost entirely out of the picture, the miserable elector broke down and asked Louis for peace in early 1673. After Fehrbellin, the Great Elector earned the leverage necessary to enlarge his peacetime army against the wishes of the noble estates. The wait was brief. There was no guarantee that the Austrians and the Dutch would welcome his return. The elector entered the war for the second time as enthusiastically as he had the first, proudly declaring that he had arrived to teach kings the respect they ought to have for electors of the Empire. As it turned out, the elector was once again overly optimistic. The one who will be found in trial capable of great acts of love is ever the one who is always Historians compare him to his contemporaries such as Louis XIV of France (16431715), Peter the Great (16821725) of Russia, and Charles XI of Sweden (16601697). Carsten By 1688, his various territories had come under more centralized rule, his standing army was the second largest in Germany, and Brandenburg-Prussia had become the leading north German state. The entire operation cost Frederick William a mere 15 men. With the help of both the conversion of the eastern Slavs to Christianity and the loose but real political unification of the eastern, Slavic territories under a single prince and a single dynasty in the eleventh century were in the mainstream of European medieval civilization.. After the death of Great Prince Iaroslav the Wise, the powerful principality in present-day Ukraine disintegrated into competing political units. The Brandenburger officers, their blood up, urged Frederick William to light the town, but he rebuked them, stating, I am not come to destroy my country, but to save it. Instead, the elector ordered his horsemen to storm the Swedish infantry. Given the grave condition of his overextended realm, more French subsidies were imperative. Despite nonexistent Austrian support and dwindling Dutch subsidies, it was still a difficult decision to make. The elector also encouraged immigration from Piedmont, and especially France, where Louis XIVs pro-Catholic religious policies led twenty thousand Protestant Huguenots, many of them professionals and skilled artisans, to settle in Brandenburg, along with fifty Jewish families who were given special trading privileges. Fighting on the side of Louis XIV provided the luxury of being allied to the most powerful monarch in Europe, yet it also brought the threat of becoming a mere French satellite. They wanted Austria to stay a unified country and not be broken up. Frederick William also faced opposition from the estates, or parliaments, of the various Hohenzollern lands. With the Hessian troops, he was involved in the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon in 1813. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Browse 66 great elector frederick williamstock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Peter the Great won this battle for Russia and it established the country's dominance in Europe. In 1685, fearing French ambitions and concerned about the security of Protestantism after Louis revoked religious toleration for the Protestant Huguenots, he again changed sides, joining the Dutch and the Swedes in a pact against France. It would take nothing short of a miracle to revive them. Something went wrong. Following Louis XIV's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Frederick William encouraged skilled French and Walloon Huguenots to emigrate to Brandenburg-Prussia with the Edict of Potsdam, bolstering the country's technical and industrial base. vOTW"yt:*UVVuL/*VF. Although committed to the Protestant Calvinist faith, Frederick William formed alliances with Catholic rulers when it was to his advantage. 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kOpy^^JL,oR+/sS%-yb |"Ly(KO~"Hd,Vyf He favored Calvinist advisers, but to gain toleration for his Calvinism, he had to accept toleration for the majority Lutheran population. Custom and user added quotes with pictures. The wealthy Dutch, needing allies badly, were only too willing to accommodate him, agreeing to pay for half the 20,000-man Brandenburger army. This was exactly what Frederick William had expected; he was already ordering his victorious cavalry forward to cut off the Swedish retreat. https://networks.h-net.org/node/35008/reviews/43678/beachy-mckay-great-elector-frederick-william-brandenburg-prussia. Two years earlier, Swedens chancellor, Magnus de la Gardie, had pushed the empire into an alliance with France. Events were particularly chaotic after Ivan's son, Theodore, died in 1598 without an heir. By the year of the electors death, the military bureaucracy dominated the government. On the other side of the lines, the Swedes too were at a crossroads. Although he was well aware of Leopolds stance, Frederick William was confident that he could convince Montecuccoli to take action. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg | Military Wiki | Fandom in: Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana, Articles incorporating a citation from the 225-226). He was the first to assume the title Czar of Russia. In ensuing conflicts, states fought either with France or against her. The army supported Frederick William and his decisions. The emperor wished only to protect Germany, and in accordance with this wish he ordered Montecuccoli to act conservatively and engage the enemy only if victory could be assured. He desperately sought to remedy the situation. 'GY-=>G9xv{$',$^5U?_3 Z8]zFby*U3*>Y m|NvG ?J2D=S>V=Ro~,liQN< SKKB
? The elector had been working to persuade the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold to join him in combating Louis, and he was delighted when the emperor dispatched an army to the Rhine under Raimondo Montecuccoli, a talented commander and a hero of the Thirty Years War. Without a doubt, France under the great Sun King, Louis XIV, was the dominant power in Europe during the third quarter of the 16th century. The one who will be found in trial capable of great acts of love is ever the one who is always doing considerate small ones. Beachy on McKay, 'The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia', Robert Beachy (Department of History, Goucher College, Baltimore), How Britain Unified Germany: Geography and the Rise of Prussia, A History of German-Scandinavian Relations, The Censorship of Literary Naturalism, 1885-1895: Prussia and Saxony, A Little History of the Schulenburg Family,
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He issued the Edict of Potsdam in 1685, granting asylum to Huguenots expelled from France. Instead they were enlisted into the army. 142-143). Swedish casualties were much higher, and they would lose still more as a result of incessant peasant raids. A pleasure to deal with. Their children were as follows: On 13 June 1668 in Grningen, Frederick William married Sophie Dorothea of Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, daughter of Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg and Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg. In the summer of 1675, Swedish troops led by Marshal Karl Wrangel invaded the German principality of Brandenburg. Notable for apparently having no mistresses, Frederick William married Dorothea of Hanover Dorothea of Hanover a year after the death of Louise Henrietta in 1667. Electors had not been allowed to do this and it was this drop in their perceived status, that pushed Frederick to deciding that he wanted to be called king of Prussia. Already the Brandenburger artillery was raining hell down upon the Swedes, goading the younger Wrangel to move. He was dead set on retreating across the bridge, no matter what. $13.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-582-49482-4. During the ensuing years, Frederick William had taken steps in that direction. He had previously assumed that Sweden would refrain from any such move because of the divisions within its government and the strength of the Dutch fleet. The elector was no friend of France. Although he rejoined the anti-French alliance in 1674, this left him diplomatically isolated; despite conquering much of Swedish Pomerania during the Scanian War, he was obliged to return most of it to Sweden in the 1679 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Szn,SrMe$|TdXoZQa$$n,i/iHTR1]f:E9yM(}91{+: Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Frederick William, (born Aug. 20, 1802died Jan. 6, 1875, Prague), elector of Hesse-Kassel from 1847 after 16 years co-regency with his father; he was noted for his reactionary stand against liberalizing trends manifested during the revolutionary events of 1848. Every moment of resistance to temptation is a victory. Many thanks! After procrastinating for as long as possible, Charles at last issued the order to take the offensive. The other state was on the opposite end of the spectrum. Quantity: 2 available. Their power and prestige was derived mostly from land ownership. Charles X Gustav; Christina; Ferdinand II; Frederick Henry; Frederick V; Frederick William, the Great Elector; Gustavus II Adolphus; Leopold I; Louis XIV; Axel Oxenstierna; Samuel von Pufendorf; Cardinal de Richelieu; Justine Siegemundin; Albrecht Wenzel von Wallenstein; William III. Read reviews from worlds largest community for readers. Frederick William is notable for raising an army of 40,000 soldiers by 1678, through the General War Commissariat presided over by Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal. Omissions? Frederick William The Elector Quotes & Sayings Showing search results for "Frederick William The Elector" sorted by relevance. For the King in Prussia, see, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg. The Great Elector Derek McKay 3.50 8 ratings1 review Want to Read Kindle $47.84 Rate this book In this first biography in English for fifty years, Derek McKay avoids the limitation of seeing Frederick William primarily as precursor of the 'Enlightened' Frederick the Great. He was successful in achieving greater recognition for his Hohenzollern Dynasty, and his son and successor, Elector Frederick III, became king in 1701. Kara Mustafa led them into this. Much the same transpired in October near Strasbourg, where the Brandenburgers attacked the French but again came up short when the Austrians failed to support the assault. The buried talent is the sunken rock on which most lives strike and founder. After the Seven Years' War he introduced the iron plow, crop rotation, and clover. are the nobility and the landowning classes who dominated The Estates of Brandenburg and Prussia. The numbers you entered don't match the image. Quantity: 2 available. Faced by an invading army from Sweden, one of the foremost powers of the day, the Brandenburgers prepared for battle at the little town of Fehrbellin, northwest of Berlin. Polish king John III Sobieski planned to restore Polish suzerainty over the Duchy of Prussia, and for this purpose concluded an alliance with France on 11 June 1675. Many thanks! On 7 December 1646 in The Hague, Frederick William entered into a marriage, proposed by Blumenthal as a partial solution to the Jlich-Berg question, with Luise Henriette of Nassau (16271667), daughter of Frederick Henry of Orange-Nassau and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and his 1st cousin once removed through William the Silent. That man was Henning, who, along with his tiny band of soldiers, was already hiding inside Fehrbellin, hoping to delay the Swedes as long as possible. Frederick William was livid. As in his previous campaign, Bournonville, despite being numerically superior to Turenne, refused to take the offensive. The way to push things through to a finish effectively must be learned. In the second half of the 17th century, Frederick William, the Great Elector, developed Brandenburg-Prussia into a major power. He concocted a strategy in which he would quickly capture the little town of Rathenow, located directly between Havelberg and Alt-Brandenburg, and split the Swedish army in two. Swedens acute lack of resources and funds made its recent conquests extremely vulnerable. Related Topics Incensed by the betrayal, he vowed to fight the French alone, but when Louis dispatched an army toward Brandenburg, Frederick William conceded. Your prince and captain will conquer with you, or die like a knight! In his zeal, the elector suddenly found himself surrounded by enemy soldiers. In his mind, the only solution was to create a formidable military that could compete with the major European powers surrounding him. In fact, Swedish envoys had eagerly helped negotiate the terms of the Peace of Vossem. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia. The peasants, both free and enserfed, suffered the most, and many fled the electorate to escape their plight. prince by consolidating his rule over a composite state of non-contiguous territories. was Ivan IV and the grandson of Ivan III. William was the eldest surviving son of William I, Elector of Hesse and Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway. was King Frederick I's grandson, who became king in 1740, and was a mercantilist. Something of a novelty in the period, Frederick William always made it a point to consult his officers in times of war. After marching 250 kilometres in 15 days back to Brandenburg, he caught the Swedes by surprise and managed to defeat them on the field at the Battle of Fehrbellin, destroying the myth of Swedish military invincibility. The Brandenburgers departed for Rathenow on June 25. A loyal soldier, Derfflinger dropped his objection and set out at once. It influenced Peter to build St. Petersburg. Related Topics. Read more about this topic: Brandenburg-Prussia, "The Great Elector", Frederick William, 16401688, The French courage proceeds from vanitythe German from phlegmthe Turkish from fanaticism & opiumthe Spanish from pridethe English from coolnessthe Dutch from obstinacythe Russian from insensibilitybut the Italian from anger.George Gordon Noel Byron (17881824), America is addicted to wars of distraction.Barbara Ehrenreich (b. The ensuing attack failed, and the desperate Swedish soldiers held firm. During the final months of 1675, the Brandenburger army drove the Swedes into Mecklenburg, where Charles XIs tormented army withered still further. Carsten describes how it was the army he had founded that accomplished, in 1871, the triumphant unification of the German Empire and fought the battles of the Third Reich. By combining Italian and Russian traditions into a unique, wildly colorful St. Petersburg style, Rastrelli built many palaces for the nobility and all the larger government buildings erected during Elizabeth's reign. Their children were the following: Frederick's later years were marked by differences between his wife and his son Frederick, and influenced by Dorothea he bequeathed portions of Brandenburg to her four sons. They imply a great deal of thinking about others. Frederick William, German Friedrich Wilhelm known as the Great Elector, (born Feb. 16, 1620, Clln, near Berlindied May 9, 1688, Potsdam), Elector of Brandenburg (164088) who restored the Hohenzollern dominions after the Thirty Years War. The elector utilized his opportunity to the fullest. was when the Ottomans attacked the Habsburg City of Vienna to revitalize the assault on Christianity. The Brandenburger cavalry raced forward, hoping to cut off Waldemar at Nauen, but the enemy proved too slippery and had already passed by. Frederick William's successful occupation in the 1670s (pp. Protestantism;Brandenburg. He was frustrated in building up naval power, lacking ports and sailors. In the Second Northern War, he was forced to accept Swedish vassalage for the Duchy of Prussia according to the terms of the Treaty of Knigsberg (1656),[2] but as the war progressed he succeeded in gaining full sovereignty for the Prussian duchy in the treaties of Labiau, Wehlau, Bromberg and Oliva, leaving the Holy Roman Emperor as his only liege for his imperial holdings. It has been said by a certain general, that the first object in the establishment of an army Their purpose was to avoid the enemy, beat them to the town, and destroy the towns lone bridge, thus severing the Swedish retreat. He also simplified travel in Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia by connecting riverways with canals, a system that was expanded by later Prussian architects, such as Georg Steenke; the system is still in use today. Louiss ambitions threatened the Dutch Republic as well as Frederick Williams principalities of Cleves and Mark. What impact did Egyptian religious beliefs have on the lives of Egyptians? When the elector finally petitioned the Dutch for aid, they agreed to dispatch their fleet to the Baltic to challenge the Swedes. Frederick William the "Great Elector" Calvinist, but allowed religious toleration to Catholics and Jews. Similarly, the, Elector defeated the Brandenburg estates, which yielded to his demands by the 1660s (p. 131). 500 matching entries found. He is noted for his use of broad directives and delegation of decision-making to his commanders, which would later become the basis for the German doctrine of Auftragstaktik, and he is noted for using rapid mobility to defeat his foes.[6]. Before conflict broke out, the elector died in 1688. Elector Frederick William was born in Berlin to George William, Elector of Brandenburg, and Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate. For nearly two and a half centuries, Prussia celebrated June 28 as a birthday of sorts. was a Russian tsar. The Swedes own 38 cannons, only seven of which were operational, would be unable to assist in the assault. Frederick William celebrated his driving off the Swedes, while Waldemar insisted that his bloody charges had delayed the enemy long enough to save the bulk of his force. Since 1415, the Hohenzollerns Hohenzollerns had been the ruling family of Brandenburg Brandenburg , a small state in northern Germany, that was relatively poor in resources. Completely confused, the defenders were either killed or captured, and the town soon fell. So angered was he by the Dutch Republic and Austria that he would consent to being an ally of hated France for the next six years. Representing local elites of landowners and merchants, the several estates opposed increasing taxes to fund the military and diplomatic ambitions of the elector, particularly if those taxes were to be spent elsewhere than where they were raised. It needed only minor repairs before it could be crossed. To the east was Prussia Prussia , of which the kings of Poland were the nominal overlords, and to the west the small states of Cleves and Mark. - As always First Class professional service throughout. The daring horsemen of Frederick William had seen to that at Fehrbellin. 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