In the November 2012 resolution of the federal charges against it, BP agreed to plead guilty to 11 felony counts related to the deaths of the 11 workers and paid a $4billion fine. [146], Underwater injection of Corexit into the leak may have created the oil plumes which were discovered below the surface. Bioremediation for marine oil spills. [154], Oil was collected from water by using skimmers. Deepwater Horizon. If that proves to be the case, the sheen can be expected to eventually disappear. Oil cleanup crews worked four days a week on 55mi (89km) of Louisiana shoreline throughout 2013. [41] The oil flowed for 87 days. "But tens of thousands of gulf residents still haven't been fully compensated for their losses, and many are struggling to make ends meet. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A limitation of their methodology was that some VOCs may have already evaporated from the oil before they began their investigation. A large scale of bioremediation was deployed during the BP oil spill crisis due to its effectiveness and lower cost [8]. "[236][238][239] Riki Ott, a marine toxicologist with experience of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, advised families to evacuate the Gulf. [181], On 15 April 2014, BP announced that cleanup along the coast was substantially complete, while the United States Coast Guard work continued using physical barriers such as floating booms, the cleanup workers' objective was to keep the oil from spreading any further. [104] USGS director Marcia McNutt stated that the riser pipe could hold at most 1,000bbl (160m3) because it is open on both ends, making it unlikely to hold the amount of oil being observed. [137][138] On 19 May, the EPA gave BP 24hours to choose less toxic alternatives to Corexit from the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule, and begin applying them within 72 hours of EPA approval or provide a detailed reasoning why no approved products met the standards. [201] In October 2013, Al Jazeera reported that the gulf ecosystem was "in crisis", citing a decline in seafood catches, as well as deformities and lesions found in fish. [198] Chemicals from the spill were found in migratory birds as far away as Minnesota. It fouled the coasts of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas and launched a six-year long environmental and legal battle. The dangers are even greater when poured into the source of a spill, because they are picked up by the current and wash through the Gulf. ", "OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH. Mixing dispersants with oil at the wellhead would keep some oil below the surface and in theory, allowing microbes to digest the oil before it reached the surface. Gerald Baron for Crisisblogger, 8 June 2012. An infamous example of this is the Deepwater Horizon oil spill . A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. 2179 "DEEPWATER HORIZON" IN THE GULF: OF MEXICO, ON APRIL 20, 2010", "U.S. bans BP from new government contracts after oil spill deal", "US court accepts BP's Macondo guilty plea", "BP Will Pay $4.5B in Plea Deal over Macondo", "Transocean Agrees to Plead Guilty to Environmental Crime and Enter Civil Settlement to Resolve U.S. Clean Water Act Penalty Claims from Deepwater Horizon Incident", "Halliburton Pleads Guilty to Destroying Evidence After Gulf Spill", "Judges Call BP's Arguments "Nonsensical", "The ideas that underly BP's cert petition don't make sense", "BP's Appeal Fails to Interest Supreme Court, Cert Denied", "Halliburton to pay around $1.1 bn for US oil spill claims", "BP to begin presenting its defense Monday in Gulf oil spill trial", "BP, Transocean Accused of 'Reckless' Actions in Spill", "U.S. Justice, Gulf states crafting BP spill settlement", "BP found "grossly negligent' in Gulf of Mexico oil spill", "BP set to pay largest environmental fine in US history for Gulf oil spill", "Kurt Mix, BP Engineer, Faces First Oil Spill Charges", "Feds File First Criminal Charges Related to BP Gulf Spill", "First Criminal Charges Filed in Deepwater Horizon Accident", "BP to pay $4.5bn penalty over Deepwater Horizon disaster", "BP Managers Plead Not Guilty to Deepwater Horizon Criminal Charges", "Halliburton manager gets 1 year probation in Gulf oil spill", "Blowout: Four years after his indictment, one of the only people prosecuted for the Deepwater Horizon explosion tells his side of the story", "Disaster prosecution is, well, a disaster", "Disaster's Toll on the Gulf and Its People", "The Great Invisible (Post-Screening Discussion)", "The Great Invisible | Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill | Independent Lens | PBS", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache (2014) - IMDb", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache Official Trailer 1 (2014) HD", "Slamdance Film Review: 'Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache', "Review: 'Vanishing Pearls' shows fallout after Gulf disasters", "Pretty Slick: The BP Deepwater Horizon Exposed - Updated and Expanded Directors Cut", "Focus on Nature: Film Series (PLV) | Current Students | October 15, 2015 | PACE UNIVERSITY", "New Film Focuses on the Demise of Louisiana's Coast", "After the Spill: Louisiana Water Stories, Part II", Journey to Planet Earth: Dispatches from the Gulf 1 (of 3), "Dispatches from the Gulf - Screenscope - Journey to Planet Earth", "Meet David Murphy: The Next Generation of Scientists (Gulf Dispatches)", "Dispatches from the Gulf: A New Documentary", "The Movie BP (Probably) Doesn't Want You To See", "Nicolas Cage Gets Serious About the BP Oil Spill In The Runner Trailer", "Black Water (BP Version) - Gulf Oil Spill Doobie Brothers Parody", "Eddie Vedder and Jimmy Fallon 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Russell Crowe and Jimmy Fallon sing 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Jimmy Fallon & Brad Paisley Sing "Balls In Your Mouth" (Late Night with Jimmy Fallon)", "Audience Suggestion Box: Jimmy Fallon & Florence Welch Sing "Balls In Your Mouth", "God's Counting on Me, God's Counting on You", "BP Research Dollars Yield Signs of Cautious Hope", "Critical Lessons from the Federal Response to the Gulf Oil Spill", Deepwater Horizon Incident, Gulf of Mexico, Science in a Time of Crisis: WHOI's response to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, "Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the, CDC Oil Spill Response Resources NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), State of Florida Oil Spill Academic Task Force, ScientificAmerican.com 2015-04020 BP Gulf Oil Spill: 5 Years Later Indepth Report, Underwater Video Examines Multiple Leak Points Causing BP Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Interactive: Smithsonian Ocean Portal, BBC News interactive animation to the disaster and blocking efforts, CSB produced blowout animation and technical explanation of cause of disaster, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill&oldid=1130796604, 4.9Mbbl (210,000,000U.S.gal; 780,000m, 2,500 to 68,000sqmi (6,500 to 176,100km, The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is referenced in the 2010 episode of, This page was last edited on 1 January 2023, at 00:57. [106][107][108] In December 2012, the USCG conducted a subsea survey; no oil coming from the wells or the wreckage was found and its source remains unknown. [59] As of January2011[update], tar balls, oil sheen trails, fouled wetlands marsh grass and coastal sands were still evident. [130] Environmental scientists expressed concerns that the dispersants add to the toxicity of a spill, increasing the threat to sea turtles and bluefin tuna. "Big price tag for recovery of Gulf Coast", "Potential Impact of the Gulf Oil Spill on Tourism", "New Offshore Oil Drilling Must Have Safeguards, Obama Says", "Back to Work Coalition Established to Address Federal Permitting Issues", "Obama Ends Ban On East Coast Offshore Drilling", "Citing BP oil spill, Schwarzenegger drops offshore drilling plan", "California's Schwarzenegger turns against oil drilling", "Fla. governor calls special oil drilling session", "Party-line vote ends Florida's oil drilling ban special session", "Statement by the President on the Economy and the Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico", "Full text of President Obama's BP Oil Spill speech", "Rand Paul: Obama BP criticism 'un-American', "Barack Obama's attacks on BP hurting British pensioners", "Memorial Day protest of BP held at Clearwater station", "Protest held near BP gas station in Bloomington", "More than a thousand people attend rally against BP and the government", "APNewsBreak: Trade group says BP to give cash to gas stations due to lost sales from boycotts", "Oil spill commission, lobbying group at odds over industry's credibility", "API response to commission report: "We've made progress to improve safety", "Oil and gas industry creates offshore safety institute", "British companies' reputation in the US is under threat, warns Washington overseas investment group", "Executive Order 13547 --Stewardship of the Ocean, Our Coasts, and the Great Lakes", "Deepwater Horizon disaster altered building blocks of ocean life", "BP Boss Admits Job on the Line over Gulf oil spill", "Another Torrent BP Works to Stem: Its C.E.O. Please click here to see any active alerts. In addition, links for additional information on the spill, cleanup activities and other responses are provided below. The CBS crew was told by the authorities: "this is BP's rules, not ours," when trying to film the area. Tests for chemical exposure in the seven fishermen were negative; NIOSH concluded that the hospitalizations were most likely a result of heat, fatigue, and terpenes that were being used to clean the decks. "[319] Transocean, however, blamed BP for making the decisions before the actual explosion occurred and government officials for permitting those decisions. [45], According to the satellite images, the spill directly affected 70,000sqmi (180,000km2) of ocean, which is comparable to the size of Oklahoma. Limiting nutrients are usually nitrogen, sulfur, phosphate, and sometimes iron because when a large amount of hydrocarbon is present, microbes will degrade it by anabolizing it into biomass [10]. Deepwater Horizon oil spill, also called Gulf of Mexico oil spill, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an April 20, 2010, explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil riglocated in the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 41 miles (66 km) off the coast of Louisianaand its subsequent sinking on April 22. The goal of the $500 million, 10-year research initiative, known as the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative offsite link (GoMRI), is to improve understanding of spill events and associated environmental stresses and public health implications. News, "Slick Solution: How Microbes Will Clean Up the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill", Riki Ott: Bio-Remediation or Bio-Hazard? Since then, the Trustee Council has approved five early restoration plans, encompassing 65 projects at an estimated cost of $866 million. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the "BP oil spill") was an industrial disaster that began on 20 April 2010 off of the coast of the United States in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect,[6][7][8][9] considered to be the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and estimated to be 8 to 31 percent larger in volume than the previous largest, the Ixtoc I oil spill, also in the Gulf of Mexico. [209] Some estimates are that only 2% of the carcasses of killed mammals have been recovered. [3] After several failed efforts to contain the flow, the well was declared sealed on 19 September 2010. "[18] Another peer-reviewed study, released in March 2014 and conducted by 17 scientists from the United States and Australia and published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that tuna and amberjack that were exposed to oil from the spill developed deformities of the heart and other organs that would be expected to be fatal or at least life-shortening. The microbial ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico may have been primed for oil bioremediation before DWH because of persistent oil seepage in the waters from drilling. BP officials deny that the disease conditions are related to the spill, saying that dolphin deaths actually began being reported before the BP oil spill. "There was not a culture of safety on that rig," the co-chair said. . [129] Dispersant and PAHs from oil are believed to have caused "disturbing numbers" of mutated fish that scientists and commercial fishers saw in 2012, including 50% of shrimp found lacking eyes and eye sockets. [279] In his 15 June speech, Obama said, "This oil spill is the worst environmental disaster America has ever faced Make no mistake: we will fight this spill with everything we've got for as long as it takes. [92] On 19 September 2010, National Incident Commander Thad Allen declared the well "effectively dead" and said that it posed no further threat to the Gulf. 4 million barrels of oil flowed from the damaged Macondo well over an 87-day period, before it was finally capped on July . Draft, National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling, "For BP Cleanup, 2013 Meant 4.6 Million Pounds Of Oily Gunk", "Oil from BP spill pushed onto shelf off Tampa Bay by underwater currents, study finds", "Record Dolphin, Sea Turtle Deaths Since Gulf Spill", "Toxins released by oil spills send fish hearts into cardiac arrest", "Fish Embryos Exposed to Oil From BP Spill Develop Deformities, a Study Finds", "Deepwater Horizon Joint Investigation Team Releases Final Report", "BP Mostly, But Not Entirely, to Blame for Gulf Spill National", "Obama oil spill commission's final report blames disaster on cost-cutting by BP and partners", "BP Will Plead Guilty and Pay Over $4 Billion", "BP pleads guilty to manslaughter in 2010 gulf oil spill", "BP suspended from new US federal contracts over Deepwater disaster", "BP Deepwater Horizon costs balloon to $65 billion", "BP May Be Fined Up to $18 Billion for Spill in Gulf", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill settlements: Where the money went", "Transocean:: Deepwater Horizon Drills World's Deepest Oil & Gas Well", "Deepwater Horizon Sinks Offshore Louisiana", "At least 11 workers missing after La. The US government report issued in September 2011 stated that BP is ultimately responsible for the spill, and that Halliburton and Transocean share some of the blame. With the damaged riser shorn from the LMRPthe top segment of the BOPthe cap was lowered into place. One of the largest oil spills, known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, occurred in the Spring of 2010 near the coast of Louisiana (USA) due to an explosion during oil drilling activities. ", "National Contingency Plan Product Schedule", "Dispersant Monitoring and Assessment Directive Addendum", "BP is sticking with its dispersant choice", "BP Used Much Dispersant Despite E.P.A. The United States federal government estimated the total discharge at 4,900Mbbl (210million USgal; 780,000m3). [75][76], BP then inserted a riser insertion tube into the pipe and a stopper-like washer around the tube plugged at the end of the riser and diverted the flow into the insertion tube. [198][212][213] By 2013, over 650 dolphins had been found stranded in the oil spill area, a four-fold increase over the historical average. Petroleum is constantly seeping through cracks and vents on the ocean floor; organisms like Pseudomonas thrive in petroleum present environments have evolved mechanisms that would allow them to use the energy rich hydrocarbons as a nutrient source [10]. NOAA led development of the preliminary restoration planning, along with the U.S. May 4, 2010. [60], Concerns were raised about the appearance of underwater, horizontally extended plumes of dissolved oil. The draft plan allocated up to $8.8 billion for restoration from a proposed settlement with BP. [36] On 11 May the United States administration requested the National Academy of Engineering conduct an independent technical investigation. By 26 May 2010, over 130 lawsuits relating to the spill had been filed[333] against one or more of BP, Transocean, Cameron International Corporation, and Halliburton Energy Services,[334] although it was considered likely by observers that these would be combined into one court as a multidistrict litigation. Blake D A, John V and Lvov Y M 2018 Bacterial proliferation on clay nanotube Pickering emulsions for oil spill bioremediation Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces. [260] During the crisis, BP gas stations in the United States reported a sales drop of between 10 and 40% due to backlash against the company. [116], Dispersants are said to facilitate the digestion of the oil by microbes. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection . Executive Summary, "Gulf residents to get extra $64M for 2010 oil spill claims", "Judge hears details of Gulf oil spill settlement", "BP Class-Action Settlement Exceeds $1 Billion in Payments Over Gulf Oil Spill", http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/10/21/2465881/following-complaints-from-gulf.html, "Judge Rules Against BP Over Settlement Payout Request", "Lloyd's syndicates launch legal action over BP insurance claim", "BP, Transocean Lawsuits Surge as Oil Spill Spreads in Gulf", "BP 24bn lawsuits claim contractors failed to use modelling software properly", "BP begins to put spill behind it with settlement", "Accord Reached Settling Lawsuit Over BP Oil Spill", "Federal judge approves BP Gulf oil spill medical settlement", "BP, plaintiffs reach billion dollar deal in Gulf oil spill", "BP appeal to stop 'fictitious' U.S. oil spill claims fails", "DOJ accuses BP of 'gross negligence' in Gulf oil spill", "UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA IN RE: OIL SPILL BY THE OIL RIG: MDL NO. Deepwater Horizon oil spill, also called Gulf of Mexico oil spill, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an April 20, 2010, explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil riglocated in the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 41 miles (66 km) off the coast of Louisiana and its subsequent sinking on April 22. Exceptions for these restrictions were granted on a case-by-case basis dependent on safety issues, operational requirements, weather conditions, and traffic volume. Major oil spills in the GoM such as the Deepwater Horizon (DWH 2010) and the Ixtoc 1 (1979) resulted in extensive pollution of the pelagic, sea-floor, and coastal ecosystems. [15][69] Although only "minute" quantities of oil continued to wash up in 2013, patches of tar balls were still being reported almost every day from Alabama and Florida Panhandle beaches. BP was also faced with growing private claim payments estimated at $14.8 billion in October 2016. Gas-station owners divided", "Despite BP oil spill, Louisiana still loves Big Oil", "FB10-055: BP Oil Spill: NOAA Modifies Commercial and Recreational Fishing Closure in the Oil-Affected Portions of the Gulf of Mexico", "Deepwater Horizon/BP Oil Spill: Size and Percent Coverage of Fishing Area Closures Due to BP Oil Spill". [23] Transocean pled guilty to a misdemeanor charge as part of its $1.4billion fine. [179][183][184] Some members of Congress criticized the restrictions placed on access by journalists. It was largely settled when a Federal District judge approved the largest environmental damage settlement in United States history $20.8 billion on April 4, 2016. BP issued a statement strongly disagreeing with the finding, and saying the court's decision would be appealed. [56] In October, weathered oil reached Texas. Bioaugmentation is the inoculation of a relatively small amount of oil-degrading microbes into an affected area. "[309] The investigation by United States Attorney General Eric Holder was announced on 1 June 2010. [247] An independent investigation for Newsweek showed that BP did not hand out the legally required safety manual for use with Corexit, and were not provided with safety training or protective gear. The devastating environmental impacts of the Exxon Valdez spill in 1989 and its media notoriety made it a frequent comparison to the BP Deepwater Horizon spill in the popular press in 2010, even though the nature of the two spills and the environments impacted were vastly different. In the United States the Deepwater Horizon investigation included several investigations and commissions, including reports by the USCG National Incident Commander, Admiral Thad Allen, the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE), National Academy of Engineering, National Research Council, Government Accountability Office, National Oil Spill Commission, and Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. "[297] In June, BP launched a PR campaign and successfully bid for several search terms related to the spill on Google and other search engines so that the first sponsored search result linked directly to the company's website. [16] In April 2013, it was reported that dolphins and other marine life continued to die in record numbers with infant dolphins dying at six times the normal rate. [28] In April 2016, BP agreed to pay $20.8billion in fines, the largest corporate settlement in United States history. [115], Containment booms stretching over 4,200,000ft (1,300km) were deployed, either to corral the oil or as barriers to protect marshes, mangroves, shrimp/crab/oyster ranches or other ecologically sensitive areas. 1752 N St. NW. By 3 October 2012, federal response costs amounted to $850million, mostly reimbursed by BP. [270] The ban was lifted in October 2010. The remaining 20 percent, or $1.33 billion, went to The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, a general government fund established in 1986 to aid in oil spill removal and assessment of the damage they have caused. Through the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA)Investigation performed by trustees to identify injuries to natural resources caused by oil spills, hazardous substance releases, and grounding incidents in National Marine Sanctuaries, and plan restoration activities. Responding to the report, Transocean and Halliburton placed all blame on BP. [54][55] In September a new wave of oil suddenly coated 16mi (26km) of Louisiana coastline and marshes west of the Mississippi River in Plaquemines Parish. [194] The oil and dispersant mixture permeated the food chain through zooplankton. BP rejected the charges saying "BP believes it was not grossly negligent and looks forward to presenting evidence on this issue at trial in January. [350], In January 2014, a panel of the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected an effort by BP to curb payment of what it described as "fictitious" and "absurd" claims to a settlement fund for businesses and persons affected by the oil spill. Air concentrations of volatile organic compounds and PAHs never exceeded permissible exposure levels. The loss of life and the subsequent pollution of the Gulf of Mexico were the result of poor risk management, lastminute changes to plans, failure to observe and respond to critical indicators, inadequate well control response, and insufficient emergency bridge response training by companies and individuals responsible for drilling at the Macondo well and for the operation of the drilling platform. The disaster had a significant impact on the environment and the local economy, and it highlighted the . Transcript: Media Encounter Access Problems While Covering The Oil Spill, "The BP Spill's Growing Toll on the Sea Life of the Gulf", "Biodiversity of the Gulf of Mexico: Applications to the Deep Horizon oil spill", "OSU researchers find heightened levels of known carcinogens in Gulf News and Research Communications", "U.S. oil spill waters contain carcinogens: report", "BP: Mile-long tube sucking oil away from Gulf well", "Oil spill full of methane, adding new concerns", "Dispersed Oil Disrupts Microbial Pathways in Pelagic Food Webs", "Oil from Deepwater Horizon disaster entered food chain in the Gulf of Mexico", "Scientists Find Evidence That Oil And Dispersant Mix Is Making Its Way into The Foodchain", "Gulf's dolphins pay heavy price for Deepwater oil spill", "BP oil spill: The 'horribly mutated' creatures living in the Gulf", "Eyeless shrimp and mutant fish raise concerns over BP spill effects", "Gulf seafood deformities alarm scientists Features", "Gulf ecosystem in crisis after BP spill", Deepwater Horizon spill threatens more species than legally protected, study finds, "Deep sea fish named in world top ten new species", "Gulf Oil Spill: Coral Death 'Definitively' Linked To BP Spill", "Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep-water coral community in the Gulf of Mexico", "BP oil spill seriously harmed deep-sea corals, scientists warn", "Submarine Dive Finds Oil, Dead Sea Life at Bottom of Gulf of Mexico", "20102011 Cetacean Unusual Mortality Event in Northern Gulf of Mexico Office of Protected Resources NOAA Fisheries", Conservation Letters: Whale and dolphin death toll during Deepwater disaster may have been greatly underestimated by Dr.
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